Bibliography of Urban Morphology
Bibliography showing texts from 1928 to 2000
Consolidated Urban Morphology reading list
compiled by Peter J. Larkham, Birmingham City University, UK
This bibliography focuses particularly – although not exclusively – on English-language literature and on the Conzenian tradition. This is solely because of the background and linguistic limitations of its compiler! However it does contain a small number of non-English works, and makes reference to non-Conzenian traditions. It also encompasses the broader definition of “urban morphology” advanced a decade ago – from which there has been no dissent – encompassing not only the study of form per se but the processes, systems, organisations and individuals active in shaping that form.
An attempt has been made to structure the bibliography although there are recognised limitations in any such attempt; not least since many publications could be assigned to more than one category, and some, including some authors, may disagree with the categorisation here.
A number of works are included here which would not be considered as morphological by their authors, but which have a clear resonance with the themes and concerns of contemporary morphologists. Therefore, for example, works on cyclic concepts by Long and Weber, and on building obsolescence by Switzer and Cowan, are included because they have been cited by morphologists developing those concepts in the morphological literature. A considerable amount of urban and planning history is also very relevant, for example when it deals with agents and processes of change.
Works that are ephemeral, or difficult to acquire (including conference papers and higher degree theses) are not generally included.
- Terms and Definitions
- Urban Morphology as a Research field
- Overviews
- Broad Scale Studies
- Sources for Research
- Morphological Technique
- History of Urban Form
- Morphological Elements
- Morphology and Architecture
- Cycles: Trends and Fluctuations
- Town and City Centres
- Townscape Design and Management
- M.R.G. Conzen Work and Influence
The earliest work explicitly on “urban morphology”?
Leighly, J.B. (1928)The towns of Mälardalen in Sweden: a study in urban morphology University of California Publications in Geography vol. III (1928-30), University of California Press, Berkeley
Terms and Definitions
Gregory, D. (2000) `Morphogenesis’, in Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G. and Watts, M. (eds) The dictionary of human geography Blackwell, Oxford (4th edition) pp. 525-526
Johnston, R.J. (2000) `Morphology’, in Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G. and Watts, M. (eds) The dictionary of human geography Blackwell, Oxford (4th edition) p. 526
Jones, A.N. and Larkham, P.J. (1991) Glossary of Urban Form Historical Geography Monograph no. 26, Geo Books, Norwich for the Institute of British Geographers Historical Geography Research Group
Ley, D. (2000) `Townscape’, in Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G. and Watts, M. (eds) The dictionary of human geography Blackwell, Oxford (4th edition) pp. 843-844
Malfroy, S. (1986) `Introduction à la terminologie’, in L’approche morphologique de la ville et du territoire Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Architekturabteilung, Geschichte des Stadtebaus, Zürich
Urban morphology as a field of research (History, development, `schools’ and scholars*)
Cataldi, G., Maffei, G.L. and Vaccaro, P. (1997) `The Italian school of process typology’, Urban Morphology vol. 1 pp. 49-50 ( and see ensuing debate with Malfroy, Levy and Kropf, pp. 50-60 )
Cataldi, G., Maffei, G.L. and Vaccaro, P. (2002) `Saverio Muratori and the Italian school of planning typology’, Urban Morphology vol. 6 no. 1 pp. 3-20
Choay, F. and Merlin, P. (1986) A propos de la morphologie urbaine Université de Paris VII, Noisy-le-Grand
Conzen, M.P. (1978) `Analytical approaches to the urban landscape’, in Butzer, K. (ed.) Dimensions in human geography Research Paper no. 186, Department of Geography, University of Chicago
Conzen, M.P. (2001) `The study of urban form in the United States’, Urban Morphology vol. 5 no. 1 pp. 3-14**
Gordon, G. (undated) Urban morphology – structure and process Research Seminar Series no. 10, Department of Geography, University of Strathclyde
Gordon, G. (1984) `The shaping of urban morphology’, Urban History Yearbook pp. 1-10
Kropf, K.S. (1993) The definition of built form in urban morphology unpublished PhD thesis, School of Geography, University of Birmingham ( largely a comparison of Conzenian and Cannigian ideas )
Lane, A. (1991) `Urban morphology’, Urban Design Quarterly issue 28 pp. 10-14
Levy, A. (1999) `Urban morphology and the problem of the modern urban fabric: some questions for research’, Urban Morphology vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 79-85
Marzot, N. (1998) `The role of history in Conzen’s and Caniggia’s approaches to urban morphology’, Urban Morphology vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 54-55
Moudon, A.V. (1997) `Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field’, Urban Morphology vol. 1 pp. 3-10
Mugavin, D. (1999) `A philosophical base for urban morphology’, Urban Morphology vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 95-99
(Muratori) (1991) Saverio Muratori, Architetto: Bibliografia a cura della Biblioteca Civica di Storia dellAarte ‘Luigi Poletti’ di Modena Communde di Modena/Università di Bologna
Vilagrasa Ibarz, J. (1991) `El estudio de la morfologia urbana’, Geo critica no. 92, Facultad de Geografia e Historia, Universitat de Barcelona
Vilagrasa Ibarz, J. (1998) `The study of urban form in Spain’, Urban Morphology vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 35-44**
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) `M.R.G. Conzen and the intellectual parentage of urban morphology’, Planning History Bulletin vol. 9 no. 2 pp. 35-41
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1992) `Recent advances in urban morphology’, Urban Studies vol. 29 pp. 617-634
Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) `British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition’, Urban Morphologyvol. 5 no. 2 pp. 103-109**
Metaphor and morphology
Kropf, K.S. (1998) `Facing up to evolution’, Urban Morphology vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 45-47
Kropf, K.S. (2001) `Conceptions of change in the built environment’, Urban Morphology vol. 5 no. 1 pp. 29-42
Larkham, P.J. (1999) `Organicism, evolution and urban form: on the problems of borrowing from other disciplines’, Urban Morphology vol. 3 no. 1 pp. 49-51
Malfroy, S. (1998) `On the question of organicist metaphors’, Urban Morphology vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 47-50
Overviews (including edited collections)
Choay, F. and Merlin, P. (eds) (1986) A propos de la morphologie urbaine Institut d’Urbanisme de l’Academie de Paris, Université de Paris VIII
Malfroy, S. (1986) L’approche morphologique de la ville et du territoire Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Architekturabteilung, Geschichte des Stadtebaus, Zürich
Slater, T.R. (ed.) (1990) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Stelter, G.A. and Artibise, A.F.J. (eds) (1982) Shaping the urban landscape: aspects of the Canadian city-building process Carleton University Press, Ottawa
Vance, J.E. Jr (1990) The continuing city: urban morphology in Western civilization Johns Hopkins University Press
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) The changing face of cities: a study of development cycles and urban form Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 21, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) `Urban morphology’, in Pacione, M. (ed.) Historical geography: progress and prospect Croom Helm, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1991) The making of the urban landscape Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 26, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1992) `Recent advances in urban morphology’, Urban Studies vol. 29 no. 3/4 pp. 619-636
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1994) `Development cycles and urban landscapes’, Geography vol. 79 part 1 pp. 3-17
Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) `The physical form of cities: a historico-geographical approach’, in Paddison, R. (ed.) Handbook of urban studies Sage, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. and Larkham, P.J. (eds) (1992) Urban landscapes: international perspectivesRoutledge, London
Broad-scale studies
Domosh, M. (1996) Invented cities: the creation of landscape in nineteenth-century New York and Boston Yale University Press, New Haven
Ford, L.R. (1994) Cities and buildings: skyscrapers, skid rows and suburbs Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Ford, L.R. (2000) The spaces between buildings Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Choay, F. and Merlin, P. (eds) (1986) A propos de la morphologie urbaine Institut d’Urbanisme de l’Academie de Paris, Université de Paris VIII
Malfroy, S. (1986) L’approche morphologique de la ville et du territoire Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Architekturabteilung, Geschichte des Stadtebaus, Zürich
Slater, T.R. (ed.) (1990) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Stelter, G.A. and Artibise, A.F.J. (eds) (1982) Shaping the urban landscape: aspects of the Canadian city-building process Carleton University Press, Ottawa
Vance, J.E. Jr (1990) The continuing city: urban morphology in Western civilization Johns Hopkins University Press
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) The changing face of cities: a study of development cycles and urban form Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 21, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) `Urban morphology’, in Pacione, M. (ed.) Historical geography: progress and prospect Croom Helm, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1991) The making of the urban landscape Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 26, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1992) `Recent advances in urban morphology’, Urban Studies vol. 29 no. 3/4 pp. 619-636
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1994) `Development cycles and urban landscapes’, Geography vol. 79 part 1 pp. 3-17
Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) `The physical form of cities: a historico-geographical approach’, in Paddison, R. (ed.) Handbook of urban studies Sage, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. and Larkham, P.J. (eds) (1992) Urban landscapes: international perspectivesRoutledge, London
Broad-scale studies
Domosh, M. (1996) Invented cities: the creation of landscape in nineteenth-century New York and Boston Yale University Press, New Haven
Ford, L.R. (1994) Cities and buildings: skyscrapers, skid rows and suburbs Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Ford, L.R. (2000) The spaces between buildings Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Choay, F. and Merlin, P. (eds) (1986) A propos de la morphologie urbaine Institut d’Urbanisme de l’Academie de Paris, Université de Paris VIII
Malfroy, S. (1986) L’approche morphologique de la ville et du territoire Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Architekturabteilung, Geschichte des Stadtebaus, Zürich
Slater, T.R. (ed.) (1990) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Stelter, G.A. and Artibise, A.F.J. (eds) (1982) Shaping the urban landscape: aspects of the Canadian city-building process Carleton University Press, Ottawa
Vance, J.E. Jr (1990) The continuing city: urban morphology in Western civilization Johns Hopkins University Press
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) The changing face of cities: a study of development cycles and urban form Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 21, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) `Urban morphology’, in Pacione, M. (ed.) Historical geography: progress and prospect Croom Helm, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1991) The making of the urban landscape Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 26, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1992) `Recent advances in urban morphology’, Urban Studies vol. 29 no. 3/4 pp. 619-636
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1994) `Development cycles and urban landscapes’, Geography vol. 79 part 1 pp. 3-17
Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) `The physical form of cities: a historico-geographical approach’, in Paddison, R. (ed.) Handbook of urban studies Sage, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. and Larkham, P.J. (eds) (1992) Urban landscapes: international perspectivesRoutledge, London
Broad-scale studies
Domosh, M. (1996) Invented cities: the creation of landscape in nineteenth-century New York and Boston Yale University Press, New Haven
Ford, L.R. (1994) Cities and buildings: skyscrapers, skid rows and suburbs Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Ford, L.R. (2000) The spaces between buildings Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Ford, L.R. (2000) The spaces between buildings Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Choay, F. and Merlin, P. (eds) (1986) A propos de la morphologie urbaine Institut d’Urbanisme de l’Academie de Paris, Université de Paris VIII
Malfroy, S. (1986) L’approche morphologique de la ville et du territoire Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Architekturabteilung, Geschichte des Stadtebaus, Zürich
Slater, T.R. (ed.) (1990) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Stelter, G.A. and Artibise, A.F.J. (eds) (1982) Shaping the urban landscape: aspects of the Canadian city-building process Carleton University Press, Ottawa
Vance, J.E. Jr (1990) The continuing city: urban morphology in Western civilization Johns Hopkins University Press
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) The changing face of cities: a study of development cycles and urban form Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 21, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) `Urban morphology’, in Pacione, M. (ed.) Historical geography: progress and prospect Croom Helm, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1991) The making of the urban landscape Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 26, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1992) `Recent advances in urban morphology’, Urban Studies vol. 29 no. 3/4 pp. 619-636
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1994) `Development cycles and urban landscapes’, Geography vol. 79 part 1 pp. 3-17
Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) `The physical form of cities: a historico-geographical approach’, in Paddison, R. (ed.) Handbook of urban studies Sage, London
Building morphology (see also typology)
Brown, F.E. and Steadman, J.P. (1987) `The analysis and interpretation of small house plans: some contemporary examples’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 14 pp. 407-438
Steadman, P. (1989) Architectural morphology Pion, London
Steadman, P., Brown, F. and Rickaby, P. (1991) `Studies in the morphology of the English building stock’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 18 pp. 85-98
SOURCES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
General
Aspinall, P.J. (1975) `The use of nineteenth century fire insurance plans for the urban historian’, The Local Historian vol. 11 pp. 343-349
Aspinall, P.J. and Whitehand, J.W.R. (1980) `Building plans: a major source for urban studies’, Area vol. 12 no. 3 pp. 199-203
Davies, W.K.D., Giggs, J.A. and Herbert, D.T. (1968) `Directories, rate books and the commercial structure of towns’, Geography vol. 53 pp. 41-54
Green, G. (1980) `Title deeds: a key to local housing markets’, Urban History Yearbook pp. 84-91
Hayward, R.J. (1973) `Insurance plans and landuse atlases: sources for urban historical research’, Urban History Review vol. 1 pp. 2-9
Larkham, P.J. (1989) `Local authority data sources and urban history’, Local Historian vol. 19 no. 3 pp. 120-123
Larkham, P.J. (1990) `Development control information and planning research’, Local Government Studies March/April, pp. 1-7
McNamara, P.F. and Healey, P. (1984) `The limitations of development control data in planning research’, Town Planning Review vol. 55 pp. 91-101
Rodger, R.G. (1981) `Sources and methods of urban studies: the contribution of building records’, Area vol. 13 no. 4 pp. 315-321
Ross, S.H. (1971) `The central business district of Mexico City as indicated on the Sanborn maps of 1906′, The Professional Geographer vol. 23 pp. 31-39
Vilagrasa i Ibarz, J. (1993) `Les llicènces d’obres com a font d’estudi del procés urbà. Una anàlisi comparativa entre Gran Bretanya i Espanya’, in Homenatage al Dr Lluís Casassas i Simó, geografia i territori Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
Legislation and regulation
Arntz, K. (2002) Building regulation and the shaping of urban form in Germany Working Paper no. 85, School of Planning and Housing, University of Central England
Laisney, F. (1987) La question du règlement dans l’évolution de l’urbanisme parisien, 1600-1902Bureau de la Recherche Architecturale, Paris
Larkham, P.J. (2001) Regulation and the shaping of urban form in the UK Working Paper no. 83, School of Planning and Housing, University of Central England
Rodger, R.G. (1979) `The law and urban change: some nineteenth century Scottish evidence’, Urban History Yearbook pp. 77-89
Saleh, M.A.E. (1998) `The impact of Islamic and customary laws on urban form development in southwestern Saudi Arabia’, Habitat International vol. 22 pp. 537-556
Early, dated, descriptive aproaches
Smailes, A.E. (1955) `Some reflections on the geographical description and analysis of townscapes’, Transactions and Papers of the Institute of British Geographers no. 21 pp. 99?115
Stedman, M.B. (1958) `The townscape of Birmingham in 1956′, Transactions and Papers of the Institute of British Geographers no. 25 pp. 225-238
Town-plan analysis, including plot metrology
Baker, N.J. and Slater, T.R. (1992) `Morphological regions in English medieval towns’, in Whitehand, J.W.R. and Larkham, P.J. (eds) Urban landscapes: international perspectivesRoutledge, London
Bradley, J. (1990) `The role of town-plan analysis in the study of the medieval Irish town’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Conzen, M.R.G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis , Publication No. 27, Institute of British Geographers, London; reprinted with minor amendments and Glossary, 1969
Conzen, M.R.G. (1962) `The plan analysis of an English city centre’, in Norborg, K. (ed.) `Proceedings of the I.G.U. symposium on urban geography, Lund, 1960′, Lund Studies in Geography B vol. 24 pp. 383-414
Conzen, M.R.G. (1968) `The use of town plan analysis in the study of urban history’, in Dyos, H.J. (ed.) The study of urban history Leicester University Press, Leicester
Crummy, P. (1979) `The system of measurement used in town planning from the ninth to the thirteenth centuries’, in Hawkes, S.C., Brown, D. and Campbell, J. (eds) Anglo-Saxon studies in archaeology and history BAR no. 72, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford
Haslam, J. (1986) `The metrology of Anglo-Saxon Cricklade’, Medieval Archaeology vol. 30 pp. 99-103
Lafrenz, J. (1988) `The metrological analysis of early modern planned towns’, in Denecke, D. and Shaw, G. (eds) Urban historical geography: recent progress in Britain and Germany Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Lilley, K.D. (2000) `Mapping the medieval city: plan analysis and urban history’, Urban Historyvol. 27 no. 1 pp. 5-30
Sheppard, J.A. (1974) `Metrological analysis of regular village plans in Yorkshire’, Agricultural History Review vol. 22 pp. 118-135
Slater, T.R. (1981) `The analysis of burgage patterns in medieval towns’, Area vol. 13 pp. 211-216
See also the debate on geometry and medieval town planning by Slater, Lilley and Scrase, Urban Morphology vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 107-116; Boerefijn, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 1 pp. 25-28; Slater, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 2 pp. 104-106; Slater, Urban Morphology vol. 5 no. 1 pp. 48-51
Studying twentieth-century UK change
Solomon, R.J. (1966) `Procedures in townscape analysis’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 56 pp. 254-268
Whitehand, J.W.R. and Whitehand, S.M. (1983) `The study of physical change in town centres: research procedures and types of change’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS vol. 8 no. 4 pp. 483-507
Other
Conzen, M.P. (1978) `Analytical approaches to the urban landscape’, in Butzer, K.W. (ed.) Dimensions of human geography: essays on some familiar and neglected themes Research Paper no. 186, Department of Geography, University of Chicago
Maïzia, M. (1998) `Systèmatisation de la morphologie’, Urbanisme vol. 301, pp. 35-39
Space syntax analysis
Asami, Y., Istek, C. and Kubat, A.S. (2001) `Characterization of the street networks in the traditional Turkish urban form’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 28 pp. 777-795
Hanson, J. (1989) `Order and structure in urban design: the plans for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire of 1666′, Ekistics vol. 56 pp. 22-42.
Hanson, J. (2000) `Urban transformations: a history of design ideas’, Urban Design Internationalvol. 5 pp. 97-122
Hillier, B. (1996) Space is the machine Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Hiller, B. and Hanson, J. (1984) The social logic of space Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Hillier, B., Hanson, J., Peponis, J., Hudson, J. and Burdett, R. (1983) `Space syntax: a different urban perspective’, The Architects’ Journal vol. 178 pp. 47-67
Computers and urban form
Batty, M. (1991) `Generating urban forms from diffusive growth’, Environment and Planning Avol. 23 pp. 511-544
Batty, M. and Longley, P.A. (1986) `The fractal simulation of urban structure’, Environment and Planning A vol. 18 pp. 1143-1179
Batty, M. and Longley, P.A. (1987) `Urban shapes as fractals’, Area vol. 19 no. 3 pp. 215-221
Batty, M. and Longley, P.A. (1987) `Fractal-based description of urban form’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 14 pp. 123-134
Batty, M. and Longley, P.A. (1988) `The morphology of urban land use’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 15 pp. 461-488
Batty, M. and Longley, P.A. (1994) Fractal cities: a geometry of form and function Academic Press, London
Cicconetti, C., Gasparini, E., Mastretta, M. and Morten, E. (1991) `A computer graphic reconstruction of the architectural structure of medieval Genoa’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 18 pp. 25-31
Grimshaw, P.N., Shepherd, M.J. and Wilmott, A.J. (1970) `An analysis of cluster analysis by computer to the study of urban morphology’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographersvol. 51 pp. 143-162
Koster, E. (1998) `Computers and urban form’, Urban Morphology vol. 2 no. 2 pp. 3-7
Longley, P.A., Batty, M. and Shepherd, J. (1991) `The size, shape and dimension of urban settlements’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS vol. 16 no. 1 pp. 75-94
Makse, H.A., Havlin, S. and Stanley, H.E. (1995) `Modelling urban growth patterns’, Nature vol. 377 pp. 608-612
Mesev, T.V., Longley, P.A., Batty, M. and Xie, Y. (1995) `Morphology from imagery: detecting and measuring the density of urban land use’, Environment and Planning A vol. 27 pp. 759-780
Note that there is a significant literature on urban form and GIS as applied to studies of land use and urban real estate, led by Grant Ian Thrall:
Thrall, G.I. (1987) Land use and urban form Methuen, London
Thrall, G.I., McClanahan, M. and Elshaw-Thrall, S. (1995) `Ninety years of urban growth as described with GIS: an historic geography’, Geo Info Systems vol. 5 no. 4 pp. 20-27, 45 (also available at http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/thrall/reprints/stapr95/stapr95.htm
History of English towns (including plan-analysis of medieval towns)
The best historical overviews, setting morphology in context, are contained in Palliser, D.M. (ed.) (2000) The Cambridge Urban History of Britain Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; eg Palliser, D.M., Slater, T.R. and Dennison, E.P. `The topography of towns 600-1300′, and the regional overviews, eg Dyer, C.C. and Slater, T.R. `The Midlands’, both in Vol. 1: c. 600 – c. 1540 . Slater’s survey in a theme issue of Landscape History is also excellent: Slater, T.R. (2000) `Understanding the landscape of towns’, Landscape History supplementary series 1 pp. 97-108.
Aston, M. and Bond, J. (1987) The landscape of towns Sutton, Gloucester
Baker, N., Dalwood, H., Holt, R., Mundy, C. and Taylor, G. (1992) `From Roman to medieval Worcester: development and planning in the Anglo-Saxon city’, Antiquity vol. 66 no. 250 pp. 65-74
Barley, M.W. (ed.) (1976) The plans and topography of medieval towns in England and WalesResearch Paper 14, Council for British Archaeology, London.
Bassett, S.R. (1980-1) `Medieval Lichfield: a topographical review’, Transactions of the South Staffordshire Archaeological and Historical Society vol. 22 pp. 93-121
Beresford, M.W. (1988) New towns in the Middle Ages: town plantation in England, Wales and Gascony Sutton, Gloucester (originally published 1967 by Lutterworth, London)
Biddle, M. and Hill, D. (1971) `Late Saxon planned towns’, Antiquaries Journal vol. 51 pp. 70-85
Bond, C.J. (1990) `Central place and medieval new town: the origins of Thame, Oxfordshire’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Burnham, B.C. (1987) `The morphology of Romao-British `small towns”, Archaeological Journalvol. 144 pp. 156-190
Carver, M.O.H. (1987) Underneath English towns Batsford, London ( A good archaeological treatment )
Conzen, M.R.G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis Publication no. 27, Institute of British Geographers, London (reprinted 1969 with Glossary)
Conzen, M.R.G. (1988) `Morphogenesis, morphological regions and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by Ludlow’, in Denecke, D. and Shaw, G. (eds) Urban historical geography Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Croom, J.N. (1992) `The topographical analysis of medieval town plans: the examples of Much Wenlock and Bridgnorth’, Midland History vol. 17 pp. 16-38
Dickinson, R.E. (1937) `The town plans of East Anglia: a study in urban morphology’, Geographyvol. 19 pp. 37-50
Girouard, M. (1990) The English town Yale University Press, New Haven
Haslam, J. (ed.) (1984) Anglo-Saxon towns in southern England Phillimore, Chichester
Hope, W. St J. (1909) `The ancient topography of Ludlow’, Archaeologia vol. 61 pp. 383-389 ( A classic study particularly in light of the reinterpretations by Conzen and Slater )
Houghton, J. (1986) `Burgage tenure and topography in Lewes, E. Sussex’, Sussex Archaeological Collections vol. 124 pp. 119-128
Lilley, K.D. (1993-4) `A Warwickshire medieval borough: Brinklow and the contribution of town-plan analysis’, Transactions of the Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society vol. 98 pp. 51-61
Lilley, K.D. (1998) `Taking measures across the urban landscape: aspects of urban design before the Renaissance’, Urban Morphology vol. 2 no. 2 pp. 82-92
Lilley, K.D. (1998) `Geometry, urban planning and town design in the high Middle Ages’, Planing History vol. 20 pp. 7-15
Lilley, K.D. (1998) `Urban design in medieval Coventry: the planning of Much and Little Park Streets within the Earl of Chester’s fee’, Midland History vol. 23 pp. 1-20
Lilley, K.D. (1999) Norman towns in southern England: urban morphogenesis in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, 1066-1215 Urban Morphology Research Monograph no. 5, School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham
Lilley, K.D. (1999) Modernising the medieval city: urban design and civic improvement in the Middle Ages Research Paper, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London
Lilley, K.D. (1999) `Urban landscapes and the cultural politics of territorial control in Anglo-Norman England’, Landscape Research vol. 24 no. 1 pp. 5-23
Lilley, K.D. (2000) `Mapping the medieval city: plan analysis and urban history’, Urban Historyvol. 27 no. 1 pp. 5-30
Lilley, K.D. (2000) `”Non urbe, non vico, non castris”: territorial control and the colonization and urbanization of Wales and Ireland under Anglo-Norman lordship’, Journal of Historical Geographyvol. 26 no. 4 pp. 517-531
Lilley, K.D. (2001) `Urban planning and the design of towns in the Middle Ages: the Earls of Devon and their new towns’, Planning Perspectives vol. 16 no. 1 pp. 1-24
Lloyd, D.W. (1984 or 1988) The making of English towns Gollancz, London
Palliser, D.M. (ed.) (2000) The Cambridge urban history of Britain Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Vol. 1 ( chapter 8 on topography of early-medieval towns; chapter 16 on that of late-medieval towns )
Platt, C. (1979) The English medieval town Paladin, London ( A highly-illustrated exploration with archaeological and historical perspectives )
Reynolds, S. (1977) An introduction to the history of English medieval towns Clarendon Press, Oxford
Schofield, J. and Vince, A. (1994) Medieval towns Leicester University Press, Leicester
Scrase, A.J. (1989) `Development and change in burgage plots: the example of Wells’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 15 pp. 349-365
Slater, T.R. (1982) `Urban genesis and medieval town plans in Warwickshire and Worcestershire’, in Slater, T.R. and Jarvis, P.J. (eds) Field and forest GeoBooks, Norwich
Slater, T.R. (1985) `Medieval new town and port: a plan-analysis of Hedon, East Yorkshire’, Yorkshire Archaeological Journal vol. 57 pp. 23-41
Slater, T.R. (1986) `Wolverhampton: central place to medieval borough’, in Slater, T.R. and Hooke, D. Anglo-Saxon Wolverhampton and its monastery Wolverhampton Metropolitan Borough Council, Wolverhampton
Slater, T.R. (1986) `The topography and planning of medieval Lichfield: a critique’, Transactions of the South Staffordshire Archaeological and Historical Society vol. 16 pp. 11-35
Slater, T.R. (1987) `Ideal and reality in English episcopal medieval town planning’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS vol. 12 pp. 191-203
Slater, T.R. (1988) `English medieval town planning’, in Denecke, D. and Shaw, G. (eds) Urban historical geography: recent progress in Britain and Germany Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Slater, T.R. (1989) `Doncaster’s town plan: an analysis’, in Buckland, P.C., Magilton, J. and Hayfield, C. (eds) The archaeology of Doncaster (2): the medieval and later town BAR no. 202(1), British Archaeological Reports, Oxford
Slater, T.R. (1990) `English medieval new towns with composite plans: evidence from the Midlands’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Slater, T.R. (1997) `Domesday village to medieval town: the topography of medieval Stratford-upon-Avon’, in Bearman, R. (ed.) The history of an English borough: Stratford-upon-Avon 1196-1996 Sutton, Stroud
Soulsby, I. (1983) The towns of medieval Wales Phillimore, Chichester
The pre-industrial European town
Boerefijn, W. (2000) `Designing the medieval new town’, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 2 pp. 49-62
Brooks, N.P. and Whittington, G. (1977) `Planning and growth in the medieval Scottish burgh: the example of St Andrews’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS vol. 2 no. 3 pp. 288-295
Bradley, J. (1990) `The role of town-plan analysis in the study of the medieval Irish town’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Carter, H. (1990) `Parallelism and disjunction: a study in the internal structure of Welsh towns’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Clarke, H.B. and Ambrosiani, B. (1995) Towns in the Viking age Leicester University Press, Leicester
Clarke, H.B. and Simms, A. (eds) The comparative history of urban origins in non-Roman EuropeBAR International Series no. 255, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford
Dargan, P. (1997) The Norman town in Ireland Urban Morphology Research Monograph no. 4, School of Geography, University of Birmingham
Dziewonski, K. (1943-47) `The plan of Cracow: its origin, design and evolution’, Town Planning Review vol. 19 pp. 29-37
Ennen, E. (1972) Die europäische Stadt des Mittelalters Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen; trans. 1975 as The European town in the Middle Ages North Holland, Amsterdam ( Develops the `urbs-suburbium’ theory )
Friedman, D. (1988) Florentine new towns MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. ( chapter 3 provides a good summary of other European planned towns )
Gauthiez, B. (1999) Atlas morphologique des villes de Normandie Lyon
Graham, B.J. (1985) `Anglo-Norman colonisation and the size and spread of the colonial town in medieval Ireland’, in Clarke, H.B. and Simms, A. (eds) The comparative history of urban origins in non-Roman Europe BAR International Series no. 255, Oxford
Gutkind, E.A. (ed.) (various) International history of city development Free Press, New York
Koter, M. and Kulesza, M. (1999) `The plans of medieval Polish towns’, Urban Morphology vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 63-78
Lauret, A., Malebranche, R. and Séraphin, G. (1988) Bastides: villes nouvelles du Moyen-AgeEditions Toulouse, Milan
Lilley, K.D. (1995) The Norman town in Dyfed Urban Morphology Research Monograph no. 1, School of Geography, University of Birmingham
Lilley, K.D. (1999) `Modern visions of the medieval city: competing conceptions of urbanism in European civic design’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 26 pp. 427-446
Lilley, K.D. (2002) Urban life in the Middle Ages, 1000-1450 Palgrave, Basingstoke ( Contains substantial references to urban form )
Nitz, H.-J. (2001) `Medieval towns with grid plan and central market place in east-central Europe: origins and diffusion in the early-thirteenth century’, Urban Morphology vol. 5 no. 2 pp. 81-97
Pounds, N.J.G. (1971) `The urbanisation of East Central and South-East Europe: an historical perspective’, in Hoffman, G.W. (ed.) Eastern Europe: essays in geographical problems Methuen, London
Rosenau, H. (1983) The ideal city: its architectural evolution in Europe Leicester University Press, Leicester
Simms, A. (1992) `The early origins and morphological interitance of European towns’, in Whitehand, J.W.R. and Larkham, P.J. (eds) Urban landscapes: international perspectivesRoutledge, London
Slater, T.R. (1989) `Medieval and Renaissance urban morphogenesis in eastern Poland’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 15 pp. 239-259
Whitehand, J.W.R. and Alauddin, K. (1969) `The town plans of Scotland: some preliminary considerations’, Scottish Geographical Magazine vol. 85 pp. 109-121
Impacts of the (medieval) Church
Baker, N.J. and Holt, R.A. (2002) Urban growth and the medieval Church: Gloucester and Worcester Ashgate, London
Doherty, C. (1985) `The monastic town in early medieval Ireland’, in Clarke, H.B. and Simms, A. (eds) The comparative history of urban origins in non-Roman Europe BAR International Series no. 255, Oxford
Lilley, K.D. (1994) `Coventry’s topographical development: the impact of the priory’, in Demidowicz, G. (ed.) Coventry’s first cathedral Watkins, Stamford
Slater, T.R. (1996) `Medieval town-founding on the estates of the Benedictine Order in England’, in Eliassen, F.-E. and Ersland, G.E. (eds) Power, profit and urban land: landownership in medieval and early modern northern European towns Scolar Press, Aldershot
Slater, T.R. (1998) `Benedictine town planning in medieval England: evidence from St Albans’, in Slater, T.R. and Rosser, G. (eds) The church in the medieval town Ashgate, Aldershot
Slater, T.R. and Rosser, G. (eds) The Church in the medieval town Routledge, London
The Renaissance
Benevolo, L. (1978) The architecture of the Renaissance Routledge and Kegan Paul, London ( Broader than its title suggests )
Friedman, D. (1992) `Palaces and the street in late-medieval and Renaissance Italy’, in Whitehand, J.W.R. and Larkham, P.J. (eds) (1992) Urban landscapes: international perspectivesRoutledge, London ( Deals with the `invention’ of the building façade as a concept )
Gutkind, E.A. (ed.) (various) International history of city development Free Press, New York
Lafrenz, J. (1988) `The metrological analysis of early modern planned towns’, in Denecke, D. and Shaw, G. (eds) Urban historical geography: recent progress in Britain and Germany Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Morris, A.E.J. (1993) History of urban form before the industrial revolutions (3rd edition) Longman, London
Pollack, M. (1998) `Military architecture and cartography in the design of the Early Modern city’, in Buisseret, D. (ed.) Envisioning the city: six studies in urban cartography University of Chicago Press, Chicago
The early-modern town
Arntz, K. (1998) `Authoritarian townscapes and laissez-faire change: understanding central Potsdam’s built form’, Urban Morphology vol. 2 no. 2 pp. 93-104
Beresford, M.W. (1988) `East End, West End: the face of Leeds during urbanisation, 1684-1842′, Publications of the Thoresby Society vol. 60/61
Fehl, G. (1999) `Versailles as an urban model: new court-towns in Germany circa 1700′, Urban Morphology vol. 3 no. 1 pp. 3-20
Hanson, J. (1989) `Order and structure in urban design: the plans for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire of 1666′, Ekistics vol. 56 pp. 22-42.
Summerson, J. (1962) Georgian London Penguin, Harmondsworth (Reprinted 1978, 1991)
Youngson, A.J. (1988) The making of Classical Edinburgh 1750-1840 Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh (First published 1966)
Colonial towns
(NB much written on medieval colonial towns tends to focus on legal issues rather than form: Lilley, Urban life in the Middle Ages , Chapter 3)
Celik, Z. (1997) Urban forms and colonial confrontations: Algiers under French rule University of California Press, Berkeley
Conzen, M.P. (ed.) (1990) The making of the American landscape Unwin Hyman, Boston, Mass.
Frost, L. (1991) The new urban frontier: urbanisation and city-building in Australasia and the American West New South Wales University Presss, Kensington, NSW
Graham, B.J. (1985) `Anglo-Norman colonisation and the size and spread of the colonial town in medieval Ireland’, in Clarke, H.B. and Simms, A. (eds) The comparative history of urban origins in non-Roman Europe BAR International Series no. 255, Oxford
Lewis, P.F. (1972) `Small town in Pennsylvania’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 62 pp. 323-351
Mitchell, R.D. (1972) `The Shenandoah Valley frontier’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 62 pp. 461-486
Mitchell, R.D. and Groves, P.A. (1987) North America: the historical geography of a changing continent Hutchinson, London ( Part II )
Neild, S. (1979) `Colonial urbanism: the development of Madras City in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries’, Modern Asian Studies vol. 13 pp. 217-246
Reps, J.W. (1965) The making of urban America Princeton University Press, Princeton ( early chapters )
Reps, J.W. (1979) Cities of the American west: a history of frontier urban planning Princeton University Press, Princeton
Reps, J.W. (1979) The making of urban America: a history of city planning in the United StatesPrinceton University Press, Princeton
Reps, J.W. (1980) Town planning in frontier America (2nd edition) Princeton University Press, Princeton
Reps, J.W. (1981) The forgotten frontier: urban planning in the American West before 1890University of Missouri Press, Columbia
Capital cities
Hall, T. (1997) Planning Europe’s capital cities: aspects of nineteenth-century urban developmentSpon, London ( Series of individual detailed case studies )
Reps, J.W. (1967) Monumental Washington: the planning and development of the capital centerPrinceton University Press, Princeton
Reps, J.W. (1991) Washington on view: the nation’s capital since 1790 University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill
Near, Middle and Far East
(Given my ignorance of the detail of urban form in this vast region I have chosen to present this as a spatial, rather than temporal or thematic, category)
Bianco, S. (2000) Urban form in the Arab world: past and present Thames and Hudson, London
Bonine, M. (1979) `The morphogenesis of Iranian cities’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 69 no. 2 pp. 208-224
Bonine, M., Ehlers, E., Kraft, T. and Stober, G. (eds) The Middle Eastern city and Islamic urbanism: an annotated bibliography of Western literature Ferd. Dummlers Verlag, Bonn
Celik, Z. (1997) Urban forms and colonial confrontations: Algiers under French rule University of California Press, Berkeley
Chang, S.-D. (1970) `Some observations on the morphology of Chinese walled cities’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 60 pp. 63-91
Chang, S.-D. (1977) `The morphology of walled capitals’, in Skinner, G.W. (ed.) The city in Late Imperial China Stanford University Press, Stanford
Gaubatz, P. (1996) Beyond the Great Wall: urban form and transformation on the Chinese frontiers Stanford University Press, Stanford
Gaubatz, P. (1998) `Mosques and markets: traditional urban form on China’s northwestern frontiers’, Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review vol. IX no. 11 pp. 7-21
Gaubatz, P. (1999) `China’s urban transformation: patterns and processes of morphological change in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou’, Urban Studies vol. 36 no. 9 pp. 1495-1521
Gu, K. (2001) `Urban morphology of China in the post-socialist age: towards a framework for analysis’, Urban Design International vol. 6 no. 3/4 pp. 125-142
Hakim, B.S. (1986) Arabic-Islamic cities: building and planning principles Kegan Paul, London
Hakim, B.S. (1998) `Urban form in traditional Islamic cultures: further studies needed for formulating theory’, Cities vol. 16 no. 1 pp. 51-55
Jacoby, D. (1979) `Crusader Acre in the thirteenth century: urban layout and topography’, Studi Medievali vol. 20 pp. 19-30
Kheirabadi, M. (2000) Iranian cities: formation and development Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY
Kubat, A.S. (1997) `The morphological characteristics of Anatolian fortified towns’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 24 pp. 95-123
Kubat, A.S. (1999) `The morphological history of Istanbul’, Urban Morphology vol. 3 no. 1 pp. 28-41
Larkham, P.J. (ed.) (1999) `Eastern urban form’, theme issue of Built Environment vol. 24 no. 4
Nakabayashi, I. (1989) `Urban structure of [the] Islamic city and its modern transformation: a case study of Aleppo, Syria’, Geographical Reports of Tokyo Metropolitan University vol. 24 pp. 1-14
Pannell, C.W. (1977) `Past and present city structure in China’, Town Planning Review vol. 48 no. 2 pp. 157-172
Saleh, M.A.E. (1998) `The impact of Islamic and customary laws on urban form development in southwestern Saudi Arabia’, Habitat International vol. 22 pp. 537-556
Satoh, S. (1997) `The morphological transformation of Japanese castle-town cities’, Urban Morphology vol. 1 pp. 11-18
Steinhardt, N.S. (1990) Chinese imperial city planning University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu
Wheatley, P. (1971) The pivot of the four quarters Aldine, Chicago
Xu, Y. (2000) The Chinese city in space and time: the development of urban form in SuzhouUniversity of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu
Village morphology
Lockhart, D.G. (1980) `Scottish village plans: a preliminary analysis’, Scottish Geographical Magazine vol. 96 pp. 141-157
Roberts, B.K. (1987) The making of the English village Longman, Harlow
Sheppard, J.A. (1974) `Metrological analysis of regular village plans in Yorkshire’, Agricultural History Review vol. 22 pp. 118-135
Sheppard, J.A. (1976) `Medieval village planning in Northern England: some evidence from Yorkshire’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 3-20
Szulc, H. (1972) `Village relict features within the spatial layout of some Polish towns’, Geographica Polonica vol. 24 pp. 241-254
(grids, streets, spaces, plots, buildings etc)(For individual buildings or architecture, see below)
Asami, Y., Istek, C. and Kubat, A.S. (2001) `Characterization of the street networks in the traditional Turkish urban form’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 28 pp. 777-795
Ben-Joseph, E. and Gordon, D. (2000) `Hexagonal planning in theory and practice’, Journal of Urban Design vol. 5 no. 3 pp. 237-266
Boudon, F. (1975) `Tissu urbain et architecture: l’analyse parcellaire comme base de l’histoire architecturale’, Annales, Econokies, Sociétés, Civilisations vol. 30 no. 4 pp. 773-818
Castex, J., Depaule, J.Ch. and Panerai, P. (1977) Formes urbaines: de l’îlot à la barre Dunod, Paris
Corsini, M.G. (1997) `Residential building types in Italy before 1930: the significance of local typological processes’, Urban Morphology vol. 1 pp. 34-48
Darin, M. (ed.) (1998) Les boulevards circulaires Ecole d’Architecture de Versailles/Ville Recherche Diffusion, Versailles
Darin, M. (2000) `French belt boulevards’, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 1 pp. 3-8
Ellis, W.C. (1978) `The spatial structure of streets’, in Anderson, S. (ed.) On streets MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Ford, L.R. (2000) The spaces between buildings Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Hayward, M.E. and Belfoure, C. (1999) The Baltimore rowhouse Princeton Architectural Press, New York
Lawrence, H.W. (1988) `Origins of the tree-lined boulevard’, Geographical Review vol. 78 pp. 355-374
Larkham, P.J. (2000) `Institutions and urban form: the example of universities’, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 2 pp. 63-77
Larkham, P.J. (2000) `Promenades in English towns’, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 2 pp. 106-110
Pillsbury, R. (1970) `The urban street pattern as a culture indicator: Pennsylvania, 1682-1815′, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 61 pp. 428-446
Sargent, C.S. (1972) `Towards a dynamic theory of urban plat development’, International Geography vol. 2 pp. 837-839
Siksna, A. (1997) `The evolution of block size and form in North American and Australian city centres’, Urban Morphology vol. 1 pp. 19-33
Siksna, A. (1998) `City centre blocks and their evolution: a comparative study of eight American and Australian CBDs’, Journal of Urban Design vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 253-284
MORPHOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE
Architecture, form and culture (includes rural examples)
Bastian, R.W. (1980) `The prairie style house: spatial diffusion of a minor design’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 1 no. 1 pp. 50-65
Bastian, R.W. (1975) `Architecture and class segregation in late nineteenth-century Terre Haute, Indiana’, Geographical Review vol. 65 no. 2 pp. 168-179
Brandhorst, L.C. (1981) `Limestone houses in central Kansas’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 70-81
Carney, G.O. (1983) `The shotgun house in Oklahoma’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 4 no. 1 pp. 57-71
Curtis, J.R. (1982) `Art Deco architecture in Miami Beach’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 3 no. 1 pp. 51-64
Francaviglia, R.V. (1971) `Mormon central-hall houses in the American west’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 61 pp. 65-71
Jackson, R.H. (1980) `The use of adobe in the Mormon cultural region’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 1 no. 1 pp. 82-95
Jakle, J.A. (1980) `Motel by the roadside: America’s room for the night’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 1 no. 1 pp. 34-49
Jakle, J.A. (1982) `Roadside restaurants and place-product packaging’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 3 no. 1 pp. 76-93
Jakle, J.A. (1983) `Twentieth century revival architecture and the gentry’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 4 no. 1 pp. 28-43
Jordan, T.G. (1980) `Alpine, Alemannic and American log architecture’, Annals, Association of American Geographers vol. 70 pp. 154-180
Kaups, M. (1981) `Log architecture in America: European antecedents in a Finnish context’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 131-153
Kaups, M. (1983) `Finnish log architecture in the American mid west, 1890-1920′, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 2-26
Knapp, R.G. (1982) `Chinese rural dwellings in Taiwan’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 3 no. 1 pp. 1-18
Ley, D. and Olds, K. (1988) `Landscape as spectacle: world’s fairs and the culture of heroic consumption’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space vol. 6 pp. 191-212
Mattson, R.L. (1981) `The bungalow spirit’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 1 no. 2 pp. 75-92
Mattson, R.L. (1983) `Storefront remodelling on Main Street’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 41-55
Mills, C.A. (1988) `”Life on the upslope”: the postmodern landscape of gentrification’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space vol. 6 pp. 169-189
Muthesius, S. (1982) The English terraced house Yale University Press, New Haven
Newton, M.B., Jr and Pulliam-DiNapoli, L. (1977) `Loghouses as public occasions: a historical theory’, Annals, Association of American Geographers vol. 67 pp. 360-383
Nishi, M. (1967) `Regional variation in Japanese farmhouses’, Annals, Association of American Geographers vol. 57 pp. 239-267
Pillsbury, R. (1970) `The urban street pattern as a culture indicator: Pennsylvania, 1682-1815′, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 61 pp. 428-446
Sculler, K.A. (1981) `The vernacular gas station: examples from Illinois and Wisconsin’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 1 no. 2 pp. 56-74
Shortridge, J.R. (1980) `Traditional rural houses along the Missouri-Kansas border’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 1 no. 1 pp. 105-137
Stomp, R. (1981) `The Dutch colonial house and the Colonial Revival’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 1 no. 2 pp. 44-55
Weightman, B.O. (1981) `Arcadia in suburbia: Orange County, California’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 55-69
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1984) `Commercial townscapes in the making’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 8 pp. 95-104
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1984) `Architecture of commercial redevelopment in post-war Britain’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 5 pp. 41-55
Wonders, W.C. (1979) `Log dwellings in Canadian folk architecture’, Annals, Association of American Geographers vol. 69 pp. 181-207
(The work of J.B. Jackson and W. Zelinsky is also relevant)
Skyscrapers: morphological views of a particular building type
Bastian, R.W. (1988) `Early Southern skyscrapers: symbols of urban growth in the image of New York City?’, Geoscience and Man vol. 25 pp. 151-158
Bonshek, J. (1988) `The skyscraper: a catalyst of change in the Chicago construction industries, 1882-1892′, Construction History vol. 4 pp. 53-74
Bonshek, J. (1990) `Why the skyscraper? Towards a theoretical framework for analysis’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 17 pp. 131-148
Domosh, M. (1987) `Imagining New York’s first skyscrapers’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 13 no. 3 pp. 233-248
Domosh, M. (1988) `The symbolism of the skyscraper: case studies of New York’s first tall buildings’, Journal of Urban History vol. 14 no. 3 pp. 321-345
Domosh, M. (1989) `A method for interpreting landscape: a case study of the New York World Building’, Area vol. 21 pp. 347-355
Gad, G. and Holdsworth, D.W. (1987) `Corporate capitalism and the emergence of the high-rise office building’, Urban Geography vol. 8 pp. 212-231
Gad, G. and Holdsworth, D.W. (1987) `Looking inside the skyscraper: the measurement of building size and occupancy in Toronto office buildings, 1880-1950′, Urban History Review vol. 16 no. 2 pp. 176-189
Goldberger, P. (1982) The skyscraper Knopf, New York
Rose, J. (1987) `The anatomy of the 1960s office blocks’, Land Development Studies vol. 4 pp. 157-163
Weisman, W. (1953) `New York and the problem of the first skyscraper’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians vol. 12 pp. 13-21
Weisman, W. (1970) `A new view of skyscraper history’, in Kaufmann, E., Jr (ed.) The rise of an American architecture Pall Mall Press, London
CYCLES: TRENDS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT
The burgage cycle
Conzen, M.R.G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis , Publication No. 27, Institute of British Geographers, London; reprinted with minor amendments and Glossary, 1969
Conzen, M.R.G. (1962) `The plan analysis of an English city centre’, in Norborg, K. (ed.) `Proceedings of the I.G.U. symposium on urban geography, Lund, 1960′, Lund Studies in Geography B vol. 24 pp. 383-414
(See also some of the work of Slater, in the section on the history of English medieval towns, above. NB Koter, in Whitehand and Larkham 1992, applies the concept of the medieval burgage cycle to industrial-era plots in Lódz, Poland)
Development and building cycles
Barras, R. (1979) The development cycle in the city of London , Research Series 36, Centre for Environmental Studies, London
Barras, R. (1983) `A simple theoretical model of the office development cycle’, Environment and Planning A vol. 15 pp. 1381-1394
Barras, R. (1984) `The office development cycle in London’, Land Development Studies vol. 1 no. 1 pp. 35-50
Barras, R. (1987) `Technical change and the urban development cycle’, Urban Studies vol. 24 no. 1 pp. 5-30
Daunton, M.J. (1978) `The building cycle and the urban fringe in Victorian cities: a comment’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 4 pp. 176-181 ( A response to Whitehand, 1975; see response by Whitehand, following Daunton; and by Rodger, vol. 5 no. 1 pp. 72-78 )
Leitner, H. (1994) `Capital markets, the development industry, and urban office market dynamics: rethinking building cycles’, Environment and Planning A vol. 26 pp. 779-802
Long, C.D. (1939) `Long cycles in the building industry’, Quarterly Journal of Economics vol. 53 pp. 371-403
Long, C.D. (1940) Building cycles and the theory of investment Princeton University Press, Princeton
MacLaran, A., MacLaran, M. and Malone, P. (1987) `Property cycles in Dublin: the anatomy of boom and slump in the industrial and office property sectors’, Economic and Social Review vol. 18 no. 4 pp. 237-256
McGough, A.J. and Tsolacos, S. (1997) `The stylised facts of the UK commercial building cycles’, Environment and Planning A vol. 29 no. 3 pp. 485-500
Parkes, D.N. and Thrift, N.J. (1980) Times, spaces and places: a chrono-geographic perspectiveWiley, Chichester, pp. 388-441 ( A discussion of the significance of time, preservation, sense of place, economic cycles, building cycles, fringe belts and the burgage cycle )
Parry Lewis, J. (1965) Building cycles and Britain’s growth Macmillan, London
Rodger, R.G. (1979) `The building cycle and the urban fringe in Victorian cities: another comment’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 5 no. 1 pp. 72-78 ( response to Daunton, and Whitehand, vol. 4 )
Weber, M. (1955) `A new index of residential construction and long cycles in housebuilding in Great Britain’, Scottish Journal of Political Economy vol. 2 no. 2 pp. 104-132
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1972) `Building cycles and the spatial pattern of urban growth’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers vol. 56 pp. 39-55
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1975) `Building activity and intensity of development at the urban fringe: the case of a London suburb in the nineteenth century’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 1 pp. 211-224
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1978) `The building cycle and the urban fringe: a reply’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 4 pp. 181-191 ( response to Daunton, same issue; see also Rodger, vol. 5 no. 1 pp. 72-78 )
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) The changing face of cities: a study of development cycles and urban form Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 21, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1994) `Development cycles and urban landscapes’, Geography vol. 79 part 1 pp. 3-17
Life cycles of buildings; obsolescence etc
Cowan, P. (1963) `Studies in the growth, change and ageing of buildings’, Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1; reprinted in Ekistiks vol. 18 no. 105 pp. 102-106, 1964
Cowan, P. (1965) `Depreciation, obsolescence and ageing’, Architects’ Journal Information Library16 June pp. 1395-1401
Switzer, J.F.Q. (1963) `The life of buildings in an expanding economy’, Chartered Surveyor vol. 96 pp. 70-77
Example of a “legislation cycle”
Forster, C.A. (1972) Court housing in Kingston-upon-Hull: an example of cyclic processes in the morphological development of nineteenth-century bye-law housing Occasional Papers in Geography no. 19, University of Hull
Other cycles
Isard, W. (1942) `A neglected cycle: the transport-building cycle’, The Review of Economic Statistics vol. XXIV no. 4 pp. 149-158
Finance and urban form (clearly related to development and building cycles)Sargent, C.S. (1976) `Land speculation and urban morphology’, in Adams, J.S. (ed.) Urban policy-making and metropolitan dynamics Ballinger, Cambridge, MA
AGENTS OF CHANGE
THE URBAN FRINGE including FRINGE BELTS
TOWN AND CITY CENTRES SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
General
(ie, more or less, the industrial era; note that some of these papers include wider elements than the centre alone)
Andersson, H. (1983) `Urban structural synamics in the city of Turku, Finland’, Fennia vol. 162 no. 2 pp. 145-261
Bastian, R.W. (1978) `Storefront remodelling in small Midwestern cities, 1890-1940′, Pioneer America Society Transactions vol. 1 pp. 1-14
Beauregard, R.A. (1986) `Urban form and the redevelopment of central business districts’, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research vol. 3 pp. 183-198
Beauregard, R.A. (1990) `Capital restructuring and the new built environment of global cities: New York and Los Angeles’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research vol. 15 pp. 90-105
Bourne, L.S. (1971) `Physical adjustment processes and land use succession: a conceptual review and central city example’, Economic Geography vol. 47 pp. 1-15
Bowden, M.J. (1971) `Downtown through time: delimitation, expansion, and internal growth’, Economic Geography vol. 47 pp. 121-135
Buggey, S. (1982) `Building Halifax, 1841-1871′, in Stelter, G.A. and Artibise, A.F.J. (eds) Shaping the urban landscape: aspects of the Canadian city-building process Carleton University Press, Ottawa
Carter, H. and Lewis, C.R. (1991) An urban geography of England and Wales in the nineteenth century Arnold, London
Carter, H. and Rowley, G. (1966) `The morphology of the central business district of Cardiff’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers vol. 38 pp. 119-134
Carter, H. and Wheatley, S. (1982) Merthyr Tydfil in 1851: a study of the spatial structure of a Welsh industrial town Social Science Monographs no. 7, University of Wales Press, Cardiff
Conzen, M.P. (1980) `The morpohlogy of nineteenth-century cities in the United States’, in Borah, W., Hardoy, J. and Stelter, G. (eds) Urbanization in the Americas: the background in comparative perspective National Museum of Man, Ottawa
Conzen, M.P. (1990) `Town-plan analysis in an American setting: cadastral processes in Boston and Omaha, 1630-1930′, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Conzen, M.R.G. (1962) The plan analysis of an English city centre, in Norborg, K. (ed) `Proceedings of the IGU Symposium in urban geography, Lund, 1960′, Lund Series in Geography , reprinted in Whitehand, J.W.R. (ed.) (1981) The urban landscape: historical development and management: papers by M.R.G. Conzen Academic Press, London
Curdes, G. (1998) `Urban form and innovation: the case of Cologne’, Urban Morphology vol. 2 no. 1 pp. 11-18
Davies, W.K.D. (1968) `The morphology of central places: a case study’, Annals, Association of American Geographers vol. 58 pp. 91-100 ( Focuses on Wales )
Domosh, M. (1990) `Shaping the commercial city: retail districts in nineteenth-century New York and Boston’, Annals, Association of American Geographers vol. 80 no. 2 pp. 268-284
Doucet, M. (1982) `Speculation and the physical development of mid-nineteenth century Hamilton’, in Stelter, G.A. and Artibise, A.F.J. (eds) Shaping the urban landscape: aspects of the Canadian city-building process Carleton University Press, Ottawa
Gad, G. and Holdsworth, D.W. (1985) `Large office buildings and their changing occupancy: King Street, Toronto, 1880-1950′, Bulletin, Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada vol. 10 no. 4 pp. 21-26
Gad, G. and Holdsworth, D.W. (1987) `Corporate capitalism and the emergence of the high-rise office building’, Urban Geography vol. 8 pp. 212-231
Gordon, G. (1990) `The morphological development of Scottish cities from Georgian to modern times’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Haswell, R.F. (1990) `The making and remaking of Pietermaritzburg: the past, present and future morphology of a South African city’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Higgins, J.P.P. (1996) Industrialisation and urban morphogenesis: the economics of capitalism and the production of urban space in Newtown Urban Morphology Research Monograph no. 2, School of Geography, University of Birmingham
Knox, P.L. (1991) `The restless urban landscape: economic and sociocultural change and the transformation of metropolitan Washington, DC’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 81 pp. 181-209
Koter, M. (1990) `The morphological evolution of a nineteenth-century city centre: Lód_, Poland, 1825-1973′, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Larkham, P.J. (1995) `Constraints of urban history and form upon redevelopment’, Geographyvol. 80 pp. 111-124
Larkham, P.J. (1997) `Remaking cities: images, control, and postwar replanning in the United Kingdom’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design vol. 24 pp. 741-759
Luffrum, J.M. (1980) `Variations in the building fabric of small towns’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS vol. 5 no. 2 pp. 170-174
Luffrum, J.M. (1981) `The building fabric of the central areas of small towns in rural England: interurban variations and relationships’, Urban Geography vol. 2 pp. 161-177
Maller, A. (1998) `Emerging urban form types in a city of the American Middle West’, Journal of Urban Design vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 137-150
Marois, C. (1989) `Caractéristiques des changements du paysage urbain dans la ville de Montréal’, Annales de Géographie vol. 98 pp. 385-402
Mattson, R.L. (1983) `Storefront remodelling on Main Street’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 3 no. 2 pp. 41-55
Monkkonen, G.H. (1988) America becomes urban: the development of US towns and cities 1780-1980 University of California Press, Berkeley
Petruccioli, A. (ed.) (1998) Rethinking the nineteenth-century city Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
Punter, J.V. (1985) Office development in the Borough of Reading 1954-1984: a case study of the role of aesthetic control within the planning process Working Papers in Land Management and Development Environmental Policy no. 6, University of Reading
Punter, J.V. (1990) Design control in Bristol, 1940-1990 Redcliffe, Bristol
Rodger, R.G. (2001) The transformation of Edinburgh: land, property and trust in the nineteenth century Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Roncayolo, M. (1996) Les grammaires d’une ville: essai dur la genèse des structures urbaines à Marseille Editions de l’Ecole des Hauts Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
Scheer, B.C. and Ferdelman, D. (2001) `Inner-city destruction and survival: the case of Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati’, Urban Morphology vol. 5 no. 1 pp. 15-27.
Sim, D.F. (1982) Change in the city centre Gower, Aldershot
Szulc, H. (1972) `Village relict features within the spatial layout of some Polish towns’, Geographia Polonica vol. 24 pp. 241-254
Vilagrasa, J. (1986) `Una approximació morfogenètica al creixement urbà: el cas de la Lleida contemporània’, Col.legi Official d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de LLeida Butlletí d’Informació Col.legial vol. 10 pp. 23-36
Vilagrasa, J. (1990) Centre històric i activitat commercial: Worcester 1947-1988 Espai/Temps no. 7, Departament de Geografia i Història, Estudi General de Lleida
Vilagrasa, J. and Larkham, P.J. (1995) `Post-war redevelopment and conservation in Britain: ideal and reality in the historic core of Worcester’, Planning Perspectives vol. 10 pp. 149-172
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1978) `Long-term changes in the form of the city centre: the case of redevelopment’, Geografiska Annaler vol. 60 B pp. 79-96
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1979) `The study of variations in the building fabric of town centres: procedural problems and preliminary findings in southern Scotland’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS vol. 4 no. 4 pp. 559-575
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1981) `Fluctuations in the land-use composition of urban development during the industrial era’, Erdkunde vol. 35 pp. 129-140
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1983) `Land-use structure, built form and agents of change’, in Davies, R.L. and Champion, A.G. (eds) The future for the city centre Institute of British Geographers Special Publication no. 14, Acadenmic Press, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1984) Rebuilding town centres: developers, architects and styles Occasional Publication no. 19, Department of Geography, University of Birmingham
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1984) `Commercial townscapes in the making’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 8 pp. 95-104
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1984) `Architecture of commercial redevelopment in post-war Britain’, Journal of Cultural Geography vol. 5 pp. 41-55
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) The changing face of cities IBG Special Publication no. 21, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1991) The making of the urban landscape IBG Special Publication no. 26, Blackwell, Oxford
Whitehand, J.W.R. and Whitehand, S.M. (1983) `The study of physical change in town centres: research procedures and types of change’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS vol. 8 no. 4 pp. 483-507
Other commercial districts
Hopkins, J.S.P. (1990) `West Edmonton Mall: Landscape of myths and elsewhereness’, The Canadian Geographer vol. 34 no. 1 pp. 2-17
Scheer, B.C. and Petkov, M. (1998) `Edge City morphology: a comparison of commercial centers’, Journal of the American Planning Association vol. 64 no. 3 pp. 298-310
The influence of transport
Binford, H.C. (1974) `Land tenure, social structure and railway impact in north Lambeth 1830-61′, Journal of Transport History NS vol. 2 pp. 129-154
Dyos, H.J. (1955) `Railways and housing in Victorian London’, Journal of Transport History vol. 2 pp. 11-21 and 90-100
Kellett, J.R. (1979) Railways and Victorian cities Routledge and Kegan Paul, London
Richards, P.E. (1968) `Railways in relation to resort development in East Lincolnshire’, East Midland Geographer vol. 4 pp. 281-295
Richards, P. (1964) `The influence of the railways on the growth of Wolverton’, Records of Buckinghamshire vol. 17 pp. 115-126
Turton, B.J. (1969) `The railway towns of Southern England’, Transport History vol. 2 pp. 105-135
PRE-TWENTIETH CENTURY RESIDENTIAL AREAS
TWENTIETH-CENTURY RESIDENTIAL AREAS
TOWNSCAPES: PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Management and conservation
Buswell, R.J. (1984) Changing approaches to urban conservation: a case study of Newcastle upon Tyne Occasional Series in Geography no. 8, Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic ( Examines inter alia the changing centre opf gravity of the city core under conservation policies )
Buswell, R.J. (1984) `Reconciling the past with the present: conservation policy in Newcastle upon Tyne’, Cities vol. 1 no. 4 pp. 500-514
Conzen, M.R.G. (1966) Historical townscapes in Britain: a problem in applied geography, in House, J.W. (ed.) Northern geographical essays in honour of G.H.J. Daysh Oriel Press, Newcastle upon Tyne. Reprinted in Whitehand, J.W.R. (ed.) (1981) The urban landscape: historical development and management: papers by M.R.G. Conzen Institute of British Geographers Special Publication 13, Academic Press, London
Conzen, M.R.G. (1975) Geography and townscape conservation, in Uhlig and Lienau (eds) `Anglo-German symposium in applied geography’, Giessener Geographische Schriften . Reprinted in Whitehand, J.W.R. (ed.) (1981) The urban landscape: historical development and management: papers by M.R.G. Conzen Institute of British Geographers Special Publication 13, Academic Press, London
Ford, L.R. (1985) `Urban morphology and preservation in Spain’, Geographical Review vol. 75 no. 3 pp. 265-299
Holzner, L. (1970) `The role of history and tradition in the urban geography of West Germany’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers vol. 60 pp. 315-339
Jones, A.N. (1991) The management of residential townscapes , unpublished PhD thesis, School of Geography, University of Birmingham
Larkham, P.J. (1988b) `Changing conservation areas in the English midlands: evidence from local planning records’, Urban Geography vol. 9 pp. 445-465
Larkham, P.J. (1990) Conservation and the management of historical townscapes, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Larkham, P.J. (1991) The changing urban landscape in historical areas Occasional Publication no 29, School of Geography, University of Birmingham
Larkham, P.J. (1992) `Conservation and the changing urban landscape’, Progress in Planning vol. 37 no. 2 pp. 83-181
Larkham, P.J. (1996) Conservation and the city Routledge, London
Larkham, P.J. (1999) `Tensions in managing the suburbs: conservation versus change’, Area vol. 31 pp. 359-371
Larkham, P.J. and Jones, A.N. (1993) The character of conservation areas Royal Town Planning Institute, London
Lewis, P. (1975) `To revive urban downtowns show respect for the spirit of the place’, Smithsonian vol. 6 pp. 32-41
McQuillan, A. (1990) Preservation planning in post-colonial cities, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
O’Brien, C. (1997) `Form, function and sign: signifying the past in urban waterfront regeneration’, Journal of Urban Design vol. 2 no. 2 pp. 163-178
Sabelberg, E. (1983) `The persistence of palazzi and intra-urban structures in Tuscany and Sicily’, Journal of Historical Geography vol. 9 no. 3 pp. 247-264
Samuels, I. (1990) Architectural practice and urban morphology, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Slater, T.R. (1984) `Preservation, conservation and planning in historic towns’, Geographical Journal vol. 150 no. 3 pp. 322-334
Slater, T.R. and Shaw, G. (1988) Historical geography and conservation planning in British towns, in Denecke, D. and Shaw, G. (eds) Urban historical geography: recent progress in Britain and Germany Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1989) `Development pressure, development control and suburban townscape change: case studies in south-east England’, Town Planning Review vol. 60 pp. 403-420
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1990) `Townscape management: ideal and reality’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Whitehand, J.W.R. and Larkham, P.J. (1991) `Sunburban cramming and development control’, Journal of Property Research vol. 8 pp. 147-158
Whitehand, J.W.R., Larkham, P.J. and Jones, A.N. (1992) Managing the suburban landscape in post-war England, in Whitehand, J.W.R. and Larkham, P.J. (Eds) Urban landscapes: international perspectives Routledge, London
Regulation, control, urban design
Hall, A.C. (1997) `Dealing with incremental change: an application of urban morphology to design control’, Journal of Urban Design vol. 2 no. 3 pp. 221-239
Hall, A.C. (2000) `A new paradigm for local development plans’, Urban Design International vol. 5 pp. 123-140
Hall, T. [Hall, A.C.] (2000) `How urban morphology can improve development plans’, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 1 pp. 29-32
Kropf, K.S. (1996) `Urban tissue and the character of towns’, Urban Design International vol. 1 pp. 247-263
Kropf, K.S. (1996) `An alternative approach to zoning in France: typology, historical character and development control’, European Planning Studies vol. 4 pp. 717-737
Larkham, P.J. and Jones, A.N. (1993b) `Strategies for increasing residential density’, Housing Studies vol. 8 pp. 83-97
Lowndes, M. and Murray, K. (1988) `Monumental dilemmas and the development of rules of thumb for urband esigners’, The Planner vol. 74 no. 3 pp. 20-23
Malfroy, S. (2001) `Urban morphology and project consulting: a Berlin experience’, Urban Morphology vol. 5 no. 2 pp. 63-80
McGlynn, S. and Samuels, I. (2000) `The funnel, the sieve and the template: towards an operational urban morphology’, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 2 pp. 79-89
O’Donoghue, E. (1983) `A Victorian suburb: some aaspects of town planning in 19th century Norwich’, Norfolk Archaeology vol. XXXVIII pp. 231-238 Focus on restrictive covenants
Punter, J.V. (1985) Office development in the Borough of Reading 1954-1984: a case study of the role of aesthetic control within the planning process Working Papers in Land Management and Development Environmental Policy no. 6, University of Reading
Punter, J.V. (1990) Design control in Bristol, 1940-1990 Redcliffe, Bristol
Rock Townsend (1990) Royal Leamington Spa: a design framework in an historic town Warwick District Council, Warwick, and English Heritage, London
Samuels, I. (1985) Urban morphology in design , Research Note no. 14, Joint Centre for Urban Design, Oxford Polytechnic
Samuels, I. (1993) `The Plan d’Occupation des Sols for Asnières sur Oise: a morphological design guide’, in Hayward, R. and McGlynn, S. (eds) Making better places: urban design nowButterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
Samuels, I. (1999) `A typomorphological approach to design: the plan for St Gervais’, Urban Design International vol. 4 pp. 129-141
Samuels, I. and Pattacini, L. (1997) `From description to prescription: reflections on the use of a morphological approach in design guidance’, Urban Design International vol. 2 no. 2 pp. 81-91
Thomas, L. (2000) `Urban morphology in practice’, Urban Morphology vol. 4 no. 1 pp. 32-34
Trache, H. (2001) `Promoting urban design in development plans: typo-morphological approaches in Montreuil, France’, Urban Design International vol. 6 pp. 157-172
M.R.G. CONZEN: HIS WORK AND HIS INFLUENCE ON URBAN MORPHOLOGY, ESPECIALLY IN BRITAIN
Conzen’s work
Conzen, M.R.G. (1949) `Modern settlement’, in Isaac, P.C.G. and Allan, R.E.A. (eds) Scientific survey of north-eastern England British Association for the Advancement of Science, Newcastle upon Tyne
Conzen, M.R.G. (1958) `The growth and character of Whitby’, in Daysh, G.H.J. (ed.) A survey of Whitby and the surrounding area Shakespeare Head Press, Eton
Conzen, M.R.G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis , Publication No. 27, Institute of British Geographers, London; reprinted with minor amendments and Glossary, 1969
Conzen, M.R.G. (1962) `The plan analysis of an English city centre’, in Norborg, K. (ed.) `Proceedings of the I.G.U. symposium on urban geography, Lund, 1960′, Lund Studies in Geography B vol. 24 pp. 383-414
Conzen, M.R.G. (1966) `Historical townscapes in Britain: a problem in applied geography’, in House, J.W. (ed.) Northern geographical essays in honour of G.H.J. Daysh Oriel Press, Newcastle upon Tyne
Conzen, M.R.G. (1968) `The use of town plan analysis in the study of urban history’, in Dyos, H.J. (ed.) The study of urban history Leicester University Press, Leicester
Conzen, M.R.G. (1975) `Geography and townscape conservation’, in Uhlig, H. and Lienau, C. (eds) `Anglo-German Symposium in Applied Geography, Giessen-Würzburg-München, 1973′,Giessener Geographische Schriften pp. 95-102.
Conzen, M.R.G. (1988) `Morphogenesis, morphological regions and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by Ludlow’, in Denecke, D. and Shaw, G. (eds) Urban historical geography Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Conzen, M.R.G. (2002) Thinking about urban form: essays on urban morphology Lang, Oxford ( Some unpublished or limited-circulation papers, compiled and edited by M.P. Conzen )
Whitehand, J.W.R. (ed.) (1981) The urban landscape: historical development and management: papers by M.R.G. Conzen Academic Press, London
Studies of Conzen’s influence
Appleton, J. (2000) `M.R.G. Conzen’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS vol. 25 no. 4 pp. 521-522
Kropf, K.S. and Larkham, P.J. (2000) `Obituary: M.R.G. Conzen, 1907-2000′, Urban Morphologyvol. 4 no. 2 pp. 90-95
Slater, T.R. (1988) `Conversations with Con’, Area vol. 20 pp. 200-203
Slater, T.R. (ed.) (1990) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester ( subtitled “Essays for M.R.G. Conzen on the occasion of his eightieth birthday” )
Slater, T.R. (1990) `Starting again: recollections of an urban morphologist’, in Slater, T.R. (ed.) The built form of Western cities Leicester University Press, Leicester
Slater, T.R. and Whitehand, J.W.R. (1988) Video interview with M.R.G. Conzen, Department of Geography University of Birmingham
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1981) `Background to the urban morphogenetic tradition’ and `Conzenian ideas: extension and development’, in Whitehand, J.W.R. (ed.) The urban landscape: historical development and management:papers by M.R.G. Conzen Academic Press, London
Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) `M.R.G. Conzen and the intellectual parentage of urban morphology’, Planning History Bulletin vol. 9 no. 2 pp. 35-41
Whitehand, J.W.R. (2000) `Professor M.R.G. Conzen’, obituary, The Independent The Wednesday Review, 8 March, p. 6
Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) `Obituary: M.R.G. Conzen, 1907-2000′, Journal of Historical Geographyvol. 27 no. 1 pp. 93-97.
Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) `British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition’, Urban Morphologyvol. 5 no. 2 pp. 103-109
